Anti-Cancer Effects of a Nutrient Mixture in Human Melanoma Cells A2058: Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, MMP Expression, Invasion and Apoptosis

M.W. Roomi, S. Siddiqui, N.W. Roomi, A. Niedzwiecki and M. Rath
Dr. Rath Research Institute, Cancer Division, Santa Clara, CA 95050

Presented at: 
102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Orlando, Florida, April 2-6, 2011.

Published in: 
Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the AACR, Vol 52, Abstract #1503, page 361

 

Abstract

Introduction: 
Melanoma, an extremely aggressive cancer, causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths, secondary to metastasis to other organs of the body, such as lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain or bone. Currently, there are no viable treatments for melanoma. We investigated the effect of a specific mixture (PB) of quercetin, cruciferex, curcumin, green tea extract and resveratrol on human melanoma cell line A2058 for viability, MMP expression, invasion, apoptosis and cell morphology.

Materials and Methods:
Melanoma cells A2058 (ATCC), were maintained in DMEM culture, supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics in 24-well tissue plates. At near confluence, cells were treated with PB at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL concentration in triplicate at each dose. Cells were also treated with PMA (100 ng/mL) for MMP-9 induction. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, MMPs by zymography, invasion through Matrigel, apoptosis using green caspase detection, and morphology by H&E staining.

Results: 
PB inhibited proliferation of melanoma cells A2058 by 45% at 10 μg/mL and 80% at 25-100 μg/mL concentration, and inhibited the secretion of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a dose dependent manner with total inhibition at 50 μg/mL concentration. Invasion through Matrigel was inhibited by 65% at 10 μg/mL and 100% at 25 μg/mL, respectively. PB also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. H&E staining showed slight morphological changes at higher concentrations.

Conclusions: 
In conclusion, PB significantly inhibited melanoma cell growth, invasion through Matrigel, MMP-2 and -9 expression and apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention, suggesting PB as a potential effective treatment of melanoma.

Comment

Currently, there are no viable treatments for melanoma, an extremely aggressive cancer that causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths, secondary to metastasis to other organs of the body, such as lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain or bone. The specific mixture (PB) of quercetin, cruciferex, curcumin, green tea extract and resveratrol had profound, significant anticancer effects on human melanoma cell line A2058 by inhibiting cell growth (by 80% at 25 μg/mL PB), MMP-2 and-9 secretion (with total inhibition at 50 μg/mL PB), and  invasion through Matrigel (100% block at 25 μg/mL PB). PB also induced melanoma cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest PB as a potential effective treatment for melanoma.

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