Breast cancerBreast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, and is the third most common cancer worldwide. Breast cancer is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death in women. Incidences of and death from breast cancer are generally increasing throughout the world, primarily in the industrialized countries. The incidence of breast cancer increases with age, but the rate of this increase diminishes with menopause. There is no complete cure for cancer, and the five-year survival rate of patients with breast cancer stays at about 88%. Cervical CancerCervical cancer is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive tract. It is currently the third leading cause of cancer death in women. With the introduction of Papanicolaous test screening for cervical cancer its rates has been declining in the the developed world. The incidence of cervical cancer is higher among women with a history of sexually transmitted diseases. Ovarian cancerOvarian cancer, the deadliest of the gynecologic cancers, is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among U.S. women, due to metastasis. Currently, 50% of the women diagnosed with ovarian cancer die from it within five years. Why are cancers of reproductive organs so frequent?Estrogen plays an important role in tissue remodeling, such as the one occurring monthly during ovulation, as well as those associated with pregnancy or breastfeeding. The restructuring of connective tissue occurring in the breast, ovaries and uterus require secretion of collagen digesting enzymes, such as MMPs, plasmin and others.These enzymes are needed for temporary dissolving of connective tissue (ie, releasing an egg from the ovary wall or formation of milk ducts in the breast). However, the activity of these enzymes remains under tight biological control so the destruction of the tissue does not continue. Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Ovarian Cancer |