In Vivo Antitumor Effect of Ascorbic Acid, Lysine, Proline, and Green Tea Extract on Human Colon Cancer Cell HCT 116 Xenografts in Nude Mice: Evaluation of Tumor Growth and Immunohistochemistry

M.W. Roomi, V.Ivanov, T.Kalinovsky, A. Niedzwiecki, M.Rath

Oncology Reports, 2005, 12 (3), 421-425.

Colorectal cancer is the second most deadly cancer in the United States. When diagnosed early, current treatments bring a limited success; however once metastasis occurs, radiation and chemotherapy are generally ineffective. Structural changes in the ECM are necessary for cell migration during tissue remodeling. MMPs, VEGF, Ki 67 (proliferative protein), and constituents of ECM, such as fibronectin, play a critical role in angiogenesis and are thus crucial in neoplastic invasion and metastasis. Based on antitumor properties of certain nutrients, we investigated the effect of a diet containing lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on the growth of tumors induced by implanting human colon HCT 116 cancer cells in athymic nude mice and the expression of MMPs, VEGF, Ki 67 and fibronectin in these tumors, as well as the production of mucin (by PAS staining). After one-week of isolation, 5-6 week old athymic male nude mice (n=12) were inoculated with 3x106 colon cancer HCT 116 cells. After injection, the mice were randomly divided into two groups; group A was fed a regular diet and group B was fed a regular diet supplemented with 0.5% of the nutrient mixture. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed, and their tumors were excised, weighed, and processed for histology. Results showed that the nutrient mixture (NM) inhibited the growth and reduced the size of tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed increased mitotic index, MMP-9 and VEGF secretion and reduced basement membrane in the control group tissues. Nutrient supplementation strongly suppressed the growth of tumors without any adverse effects in nude mice, suggesting the nutrient combination has potential as an anticancer agent. Histological studies supported these findings by showing inhibition of MMP-9 and VEGF secretion and mitotic index - critical parameters for cancer control and prevention.